In the ever-evolving world of specialty coffee, unique processing methods have become a topic of great interest. Coffee processors are continually experimenting with various techniques, seeking to unlock distinctive flavor profiles in their coffee beans. One such processing method that has garnered attention is "anaerobic" processing. In this blog post, we will delve into what anaerobic coffee processing entails and how it's shaping the coffee industry.
Anaerobic coffee processing is a term used to describe a specific phase in the coffee bean's journey from harvest to cup. In simple terms, "anaerobic" means without oxygen. When applied to coffee, this term signifies that the coffee beans undergo a phase of processing in a low-oxygen environment. However, it's crucial to note that referring to coffee as "anaerobic" provides only limited information about the complete processing method.
The term "anaerobic" doesn't reveal the specifics of other crucial steps in the coffee's processing journey. It doesn't specify whether the coffee was processed as washed, honey, or natural. Nor does it tell us if any additional elements, such as yeast, bacteria, fruit, water, or other additives, were introduced during fermentation. Essentially, the term "anaerobic" alone is a broad descriptor that can encompass various coffee processing approaches.
To gain a deeper understanding of anaerobic coffee processing, we need to explore the unique variations and innovations that coffee producers and processors are implementing.
To provide clarity on anaerobic coffee processing, let's examine one example: the process employed by coffee producers at a particular coffee mill. While this is just one approach to anaerobic processing, it offers valuable insights into how it can be executed effectively.
The journey of anaerobic coffee begins with meticulous cherry selection and sorting. Producers employ a rigorous sorting process to separate damaged and unripe cherries from the highest-quality ones. This careful selection ensures that only the finest cherries proceed to the next stages of processing.
Before embarking on the anaerobic phase, coffee producers use a crucial parameter to determine the cherry's readiness: degrees of Brix. This measurement quantifies the sugar content in the cherries and helps select the ideal ones for anaerobic processing. Typically, producers aim for a Brix reading within a specific range.
Once the selected cherries are ready, they are transported to the anaerobic processing station. Here, fermentation tanks play a pivotal role. These tanks are filled with the chosen cherries and sealed to create a low-oxygen environment.
The fermentation period can vary, lasting anywhere from 48 to 72 hours or even more days in some cases. During this time, gases are released from the mucilage, maintaining the low oxygen environment. The progress of fermentation is monitored by assessing the liquid content in the tanks, providing insights into the fermentation's health.
Following the anaerobic phase, coffee beans are preserved as either naturals, honeys, or washed coffees, depending on the choices made during processing. Drying is a meticulous process, with the coffee beans carefully attended to ensure even drying.
Once the coffee reaches the desired moisture level, it is rested before undergoing the dry-milling process and preparation for export.
The journey of anaerobic coffee processing offers a glimpse into one of the many approaches to this innovative method. It's important to acknowledge that the term "anaerobic" is continually evolving as producers and processors push the boundaries of coffee processing.
Anaerobic coffees can be naturals, honeys, or washed, depending on the choices made during processing. What remains constant is the dedication to experimentation and quality, resulting in unique and exceptional coffee experiences.
As the coffee industry continues to embrace innovation, the terminology used to describe processing methods may evolve. Still, the commitment to delivering outstanding coffee remains unwavering.
In conclusion, the world of anaerobic coffee processing is a testament to the creativity and dedication of coffee producers and processors. It highlights the endless possibilities within the specialty coffee industry and promises exciting flavors for coffee enthusiasts to explore.
